Optical module

ABSTRACT

The object of the present invention is to provide an optical module for the WDM communication system, in which the oscillation wavelength is on the grid of the WDM regulation, moreover the optical output power and the oscillation wavelength can be controlled independently. The present module comprises a semiconductor light-emitting device, a wedge shaped Ethalon device and two light-receiving devices. The Ethalon contains a first portion, on which the anti-reflection films are coated, and a second portion. One of the receiving devices detects light transmitted through the first portion of the Ethalon, while the other device detects light through the second portion. Signal from the former device controls the output power of the light-emitting device, while the signal from the latter receiving device controls the oscillation wavelength of the laser.

CROSS REFERENCE RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application contains subject matter that is related to the subject matter of the following application, which is assigned to the same assignee as this application and filed on the same day as this application. The below listed application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirely:

[0002] “Light-Emitting Module” by Yabe et. al.

[0003] “Optical Module” by Takagi et. al.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] 1. Field of Invention

[0005] This invention relates to an optical module, especially relates to an optical signal source used in a WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) communication.

[0006] 2. Related Prior Art

[0007] In the WDM communication, the wavelength interval to the adjacent channel is defined to be 0.8 nm. This regulation means that the absolute accuracy superior than ±0.1 nm is required for the signal wavelength of respective channel. A semiconductor laser, such as DFB laser (Distributed Feedback Laser) and DBR (Distributed Bragg Reflector), is utilized for the signal source of the WDM system.

[0008] These feedback lasers have a sharp oscillation spectrum with a typical bandwidth less than 50 GHz. However, since the Bragg grating formed within a laser chip solely determines the oscillation wavelength, it would be quite difficult to get the desired wavelength due to the uncertainty of the manufacturing process parameter.

[0009] It is also known that the oscillation wavelength of individual lasers can be adjusted by the feedback control after the completion of the production. The method is: 1) dividing the output light from the optical module, 2) monitoring the divided light with a spectrum analyzer, and 3) adjusting the temperature of the laser and the injection current to the laser, thus controlling the oscillation wavelength. However, this technique uses the optical spectrum analyzer and is quite impossible to apply to the WDM system, which requires a plurality set of such large-scale equipment for respective optical signal source.

[0010] Another example is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,825,792, in which a parallel plates Ethalon is used for the controlling of the oscillation wavelength. In the '792 patent, two optical detectors monitor a divergent light emitted from the back facet of the laser through the Ethalon placed with an angle for the light. By feed backing the differential signal of two detectors to a temperature of the laser, the oscillation wavelength is effectively adjusted. This method realizes the precisely controlled oscillation wavelength, but requires a precisely adjustment of the rotational angel of the Ethalon to the divergent light beam of the laser.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The object of the present invention is to provide a light-emitting module that enables to control both of the oscillation wavelength and the optical output power with high accuracy within a compact sized housing.

[0012] A light-emitting module according to the present invention comprises a first optical detector for monitoring a light from the semiconductor laser not through an Ethalon and a second optical detector for monitoring light from the laser through the Ethalon. The light through the Ethalon reflects optical properties both of the laser and the Ethalon, while the light not through the Ethalon merely shows the properties of the laser. The optical property of the Ethalon depends on a thickness and shows the transmittance with a periodicity.

[0013] Another aspect of the invention is that the Ethalon has a first portion on which an anti-reflection film is coated and a second portion. Light transmitted through the first portion does not show a periodic behavior based on the thickness of the Ethalon and merely reflects the characteristic of the laser. On the other hand, light through the second portion on which any anti-reflection film is provided has periodic characteristics reflecting the Ethalon and the laser.

[0014] The fluctuation of the oscillation wavelength of the laser appears as a phase shift of the periodic characteristic of light transmitted through the Ethalon. Therefore, by monitoring light through the Ethalon, the just present oscillation wavelength is detected and by monitoring light not through the Ethalon, the present power of the laser is obtained.

[0015] In the invention, it is preferable to split light from the laser before the Ethalon and to detect split light for monitor light not through the Ethalon. The light splitting device can locate either in the front side of the laser or the backside of the laser.

[0016] It is further preferable to place a lens between the laser and the Ethalon device for converting divergent light from the laser into a collimated light. Moreover, by using a wedge shape Ethalon, the oscillating wavelength of the laser can be selected merely sliding the Ethalon along a direction normal to the optical axis.

[0017] The present invention provides a thermoelectric cooler for adjusting temperature of the laser. The temperature is controlled by the signal from the detector that monitors light through the Ethalon, thus defines the oscillation wavelength.

[0018] The invention may also provide an adjusting circuit of the output optical power of the laser. The signal from the detector that monitors light not through the Ethalon can maintains the output power of the laser.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019]FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the module;

[0020]FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view showing the primary assembly of the module;

[0021]FIG. 3(a) and FIG. 3(b) show examples of the wedge Ethalon device;

[0022]FIG. 4(a) is an exemplary diagram showing light signal not through the Ethalon device and FIG. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of an optical signal source for the WDM transmission using present optical module;

[0023]FIG. 5(a) is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the primary assembly, FIG. 5(b) is a side view and FIG. 5(c) is a plane view of the assembly showing in FIG. 5(a);

[0024]FIG. 6(a) is a view showing the second embodiment, FIG. 6(b) is a plane view and FIG. 6(c) is the side view of the embodiment of FIG. 6;

[0025]FIG. 7(a) is a view showing the third embodiment of the invention, FIG. 7(b) is a plane view and FIG. 7(c) is a side view of the embodiment;

[0026]FIG. 8(a) shows a perspective view of the fourth embodiment, FIG. 8(b) is a plane view and FIG. 8(c) is a side view of the embodiment;

[0027]FIG. 9(a) is a perspective view of the fifth embodiment and FIG. 9(b) is a place view of the fifth embodiment; and

[0028]FIG. 10(a) shows a perspective view of the sixth embodiment, and FIG. 10(b) is a plane view.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the optical module will be described in referring to drawings. In the description, elements identical to each other will be referred to with numerals identical to each other without their overlapping explanations.

[0030]FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the laser module of the present invention and FIG. 2 is a cross sectional viewing of the module.

[0031] The module comprises a primary assembly 10 and housing 12 containing the assembly 10 therein. The primary assembly 10 is placed on the base plate of the housing and sealed with an inert gas such as dry nitrogen in the housing. The housing 12 comprises a body 12 a, a cylinder 12 b guiding an optical fiber into the primary assembly and a plurality of leads 12 c.

[0032] The primary assembly 10 contains a laser diode 16, auxiliary members 24, 26, 28 and a lens holder 32. Auxiliary members 24, 26, 28 mount the laser diode 16, a photo diode 18, and a lens 21, respectively. The auxiliary member 24 is placed on a thermoelectric cooler 34. The cooler 34 enables to control the temperature of the laser diode 16 by adjusting a supply current to the cooler. A Peltier element is a typical device for the cooler 34. The auxiliary member is made of material having a good thermal conductivity, such as Aluminum Nitride (AlN).

[0033] An opening sealed by a hermetic glass for coupling the primary assembly to the cylinder 12 b is provided on one wall of the housing 12. Light emitted from the laser diode 16 is passing through the opening and entering one tip of an optical fiber 14. Another lens holder 38 is held at the edge of the cylinder 12 b. An optical isolator 40 cutting the light propagating form the optical fiber 14 to the laser diode 16 is provided between the lens holder 38 and the cylinder 12 b.

[0034] The optical fiber 14 is inserted at the edge of the cylinder 12 b. A ferrule 42 covers the tips of the fiber 14. The lens holder 38 holds a sleeve 44. Inserting the ferrule 42 into the sleeve 44, the optical position of the ferrule to the housing 12 is defined. Thus, the fiber 14, the lens holder 38 and the primary assembly 10 are optically aligned with each other.

[0035] Referring to FIG. 2, the auxiliary member 24 comprises a device-mounting portion 24 a and a lens-supporting portion 24 b. The lens-supporting portion 24 a provides an opening to secure the lens holder 32, in which a lens 32 a to collimate light emitted from the laser diode 16 is inserted.

[0036] The laser diode 16 comprises a first facet 16 a, a second facet 16 b, and an active layer (a light-emitting layer) provided between the first and the second facet. The laser is placed on the auxiliary member 26. A pair of facet 16 a and 16 b of the laser 16 forms an optical cavity. Since the reflectivity of the first facet 16 a is lower than that of the second facet 16 b, it is enables to take out the light through the first facet 16 a. The first facet 16 a couples to the optical fiber 14 through lenses 32 a and 38 a. It is preferable to use the DFB laser (Distributed Feedback Laser) for the light-emitting device 16. However, a Fabry-Perott type laser is also applicable. On the first facet of the laser provides an anti-reflection coating, while a high-reflection coating is preferred to be on the second facet. A SiN (Silicon Nitride) and amorphous Si are used as coating materials.

[0037] An Ethalon device 18 is placed on the auxiliary member 24. One surface of the Ethalon optically couples to the facet 16 b of the laser, while the other surface of the Ethalon couples to the photo diode 20, which contains a first light detector 20 a and a second light detector 20 b.

[0038] Next is an explanation of the Ethalon device as referring FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3, Ethalons (18, 19) have a pair of surface making an angle α with each other. The angle α is preferable to be greater than 0.01° and smaller than 0.1°. Ethalons shown in FIG. 3 are wedge type Ethalon. Only by sliding the wedge Ethalon along the direction X, to which the surface is inclined, the locking wavelength of the laser module is adjusted. The wedge Ethalon is usable compared to the parallel plate Ethalon in this point of view.

[0039] In FIG. 3, the Ethalon 18 comprises a light-entering surface 18 a and a light-emitting surface 18 b. The angle α between two surfaces is set so as to make multiple interference between the incident light from the surface 18 a and the reflected light from the surface 18 b. In another aspect, the Ethalon 18 comprises a first portion 18 x and a second portion 18 y. The first portion has a reflective film 18 c on the light-entering surface 18 a and another reflective film 18 d on the light-emitting surface. Also, the second portion 18 y has anti-reflective films 18 e and 18 f on the light-entering surface 18 a and the light-emitting surface 18 b, respectively. The films 18 e and 18 f on the second portion 18 y suppress the reflection at both surfaces so that the periodicity on the transmission spectrum due to multiple reflection at the surface of the Ethalon disappears. Films (18 c to 18 f) on the surface are composed of multi layered materials.

[0040]FIG. 3(b) shows another example of the Ethalon. This Ethalon has two films (19 c, 19 d) on respective surfaces (19 a, 19 b). Both films adjust the reflectivity at respective surfaces so that the periodic characteristic of the transmittance of the Ethalon may appear on the spectrum, which depends on the position X.

[0041]FIG. 4(a) shows a typical diagram obtained by the photo detector 20 b. The horizontal axis denotes the wavelength of light emitted from the laser 16, while the vertical axis corresponds to the signal monitored by the detector 20 b. FIG. 4(b) is a schematic diagram of a light source using the optical module of the present invention. The light source comprises a laser module 1, a first circuit block 48 for controlling the wavelength and a second circuit block 52 for controlling the optical power. The first block 48 couples to the detector 20 b through the line 50 a and also couples to the thermoelectric cooler 34 through the ling 50 b. The first block receives the signal from the detector 20 b and output the driving signal for the cooler 34. The temperature of the cooler is adjusted by the driving signal so as to compensate the wavelength shift of the emitting light, accordingly.

[0042] Namely, when the wavelength of the laser shifts to the shorter from λ_(LOCK), the monitor current of the detector 20 b increase. Responding the monitor current, the circuit 48 drives the cooler so that the laser 16 emits light with longer wavelength. When the wavelength shifts to longer side from the λ_(LOCK), an reverse control may occur.

[0043] The second block 52 couples to the photo detector 20 a through the ling 54 a and the laser 16 through the line 54 b. Receiving the monitored signal from the detector 20 a, the block 52 drives the laser 16 so as to maintain the output power of the laser.

[0044] From FIG. 5 to FIG. 10 show various assemblies applicable to the present optical module.

First Embodiment

[0045] In FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b), the primary assembly 10 a aligns the laser 16, the lens 17, the Ethalon 18, and the photo diode 20 along the predetermined axis on the surface 24 c. This embodiment provides the Ethlon 18 of FIG. 3(a), in which light transmitting through the second portion 18 y does not show the periodic characteristics. The lens shapes a flat bottom surface 17 a, a flat top surface 17 c, and curved side surface 17 b. The top of the lens is cut to be flat so as not to enter light reflected by the Ethalon 18 into the laser 16, which results on a small sized package. Further, the flat bottom surface of the lens enables to assemble it directly on the auxiliary member 24 a without any lens holder. The lens 32 and the lens holder 32 a are not shown on the lens-supporting portion in FIG. 5(a)

[0046] Tow optical detectors 20 a and 20 b are arranged side by side on the photo diode 20. The detector 20 a receives light transmitted through the second portion 18 y of the Ethalon, while the second detector 20 b receives light from the first portion 18 x of the Ethalon. The width of the first detector 20 a along the inclined direction of the Ethalon is larger than that of the second detector 20 b. The width of the second detector 20 b along a direction normal to the inclined direction is larger than the width along the inclined direction. By this configuration, the sensitivity for the wavelength variation and the magnitude of light are enhanced.

[0047] In FIG. 5(c), a light beam A1 enters the optical fiber 14 through tow lenses 32 a and 28 a. Another beam A2, emitted from another facet 16 b of the laser 16, enters the lens 17. The lens 17 generates two beams A3 and A4 collimated with each other. The beam A3 reaches the detector 20 a through the second portion 18 y, in which the periodic characteristics does not appear. In this configuration, beams A3 and A4 reflect the spectrum of the laser 16, and also the beam 6 reflects the optical properties of the Ethalon 18.

Second Embodiment

[0048]FIG. 6 shows the second embodiment of the invention, in which the Ethalon of FIG. 3(b) is applied. The primary assembly 10 b has a photo diode 21 replaced from the photo diode 20 in the first embodiment. The assembly 10 b aligns the laser 16, the lens 17, the Ethalon 19,and the photo diode 21 on the surface 24 c along the predetermined axis. In this configuration, the detector 21 a on the photo diode opposes the lens 17, while the detector 21 b opposes the Ethalon 19.

[0049] Detectors 21 a and 21 b have an up-and-down arrangement. The detector 21 a receives light passing over the Ethalon, while the detector 21 b receives light passing through the Ethalon. The shape of respective detectors is same as the first embodiment. The height of the Ethalon 19 and the position of the first detector 21 a are decided so that the detector 21 a directly receives light from the lens 17. Further, the shape of lens 17 is also determined by the condition that the detector 21 a directly receives light.

[0050] The light beam B1 from the facet 16 of the laser 16 enters the fiber 15 through a pair of lens 32 b and 38 a. Another beam B2 emitted from the facet 16 b enters the lens 17. The lens 17 generates two collimated beams B3 and B4. The beam B4 directly enters the detector 21 a without passing the Ethalon. The portion of the beam B3 enters the Ethalon and makes the beam B5 that reaches the detector 21 b. The B4 involves the wavelength characteristic only of the laser 16, while the beam B5 reflects the characteristics both of the laser and the Ethalon.

Third Embodiment

[0051]FIG. 7 shows the third embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the photo diode has detectors 22 a and 22 b instead of detectors appeared in previous embodiment. The primary assembly 10 c aligns the laser 16, the lens 17, the Ethalon 19, and detectors (22 a, 22 b) on the surface 24 c along the predetermined axis. In this configuration, the detector 22 a faces the lens 17, while the detector 22 b opposes the Ethalon 19. Two detectors 22 a and 22 b are independently to each other. The shape of the light sensitive region of respective detectors (22 a, 22 b) is same as the shape previously explained.

[0052] The Ethalon 19 has a flat top surface 19 g to place the detector 22 a thereon. This configuration, in which a distance from the laser to the detector 22 a is shortened compared to the case in FIG. 6, enhances the magnitude of the received light. The size and its curvature of the lens 17 are determined by the condition that the detector 22 a receives collimated light from the lens.

[0053] In this embodiment, a beam C1 emitted from the facet 16 a enters the optical fiber 14 through two lenses 32 a and 28 a. Another beam C2 emitted from the facet 16 b enters the lens 17 and is converted to collimated beams C3 and C4. The beam C3 directly enters the detector 22 a; therefore, the beam C3 only reflects the characteristic of the laser 16. On the other hand, since another beam C4 enters the detector 22 b through the Ethalon 19, the output from the detector 22 a involves the contribution of the laser 16 and the Ethalon 19.

Fourth Embodiment

[0054]FIG. 8 shows the fourth embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the primary assembly contains a member 29 for mounting the Ethalon 19 thereon and for attaching the detector 22 a thereto. To adjust the wavelength, to which the laser oscillation is fixed, is realized by sliding the Ethalon on the surface 29 a of the member. Other compositions of the assembly are same with the case of the third embodiment.

Fifth Embodiment

[0055]FIG. 9 shows the fifth embodiment of the invention. This embodiment contains the laser 16, the lens 17, the beam splitter 23 a, the Ethalon, and two detectors (22 a, 22 b) on the auxiliary member 24. The beam splitter 23 a optically couples to the lens and the detector 22 a attached to another member 31. Light from the splitter 23 a reaches the detector 22 b through the Ethalon 19.

[0056] In this arrangement, a beam D1 emitted from the facet 16 enters the optical fiber 14 through two lenses 32 a and 38 a. Another beam D2 emitted from the facet 18 b enters the lens 17 and is converted to collimated beam D3 by the lens. The splitter 23 a divides the collimated beam D3 into two beams D4 and D5. The beam reaches the detector 22 a without passing through the Ethalon, so the beam reflects the spectrum only of the laser 16. On the other hand, one of the divided beams D5 reaches the detector 22 b through the Ethalon, so the output from the detector 22 b contains the spectrum both of the laser 16 and the Ethalon 19.

Sixth Embodiment

[0057] Embodiments previously described utilize light emitted from the facet 16 b of the laser to control the wavelength and the output power of the laser. Another example will be explained in which light from the front facet 16 b of the laser is referred for the control.

[0058] In FIG. 10, the primary assembly of the module contains the detector 22 a on the front side of the laser 16 and the detector 22 b on the backside of the laser. The thermoelectric cooler 34 place an auxiliary member 24 and another member 25 thereon. The laser 15, the lens 17, the Ethalon, and the detector 22 b are mounted on the auxiliary member 24. The splitter 23 b and the detector 22 a are mounted on the member 25. The splitter 23 b optically couples to the laser 16 through the lens 32 a, the fiber 14, and the detector 22 a. The back facet 16 b of the laser optically couples to the detector 22 a through the Ethalon 19.

[0059] Alight beam E1 emitted from the facet 16 a enters the splitter through the lens 32 a. The splitter 23 b divides the beam E1 into two beams E4 and E5. The beam E5 enters the detector 22 a, in which only the spectrum of the laser is contained. Another beam E4 enters the fiber 14 through the lens 38 a. On the other hand, the beam E2 emitted from the back facet 16 b enters the lens 17 and is converted into the collimated beam E7. The beam E7 reaches the detector 22 b through the Ethalon; therefore, the output from the detector 22 b contains the spectrum both of the laser and the Ethalon.

[0060] Since various embodiments previously mentioned use a wedge type Ethalon not a parallel-plate type Ethalon for the wavelength discriminate device, it enables to reduce a region to place the Ethalon. In the parallel-plate Ethalon, a free spectral rang, which means a period appeared in the transmittance spectrum, is determined by an angle of incident light. Since the free spectral range closely relates to the wavelength interval, it is inevitable to rotate the Ethalon for adjusting the free spectral range and to obtain a desired wavelength interval. Therefore, it requires for the Ethalon to rotate in the case of the parallel plate type. On the other hand, only sliding adjusts the wavelength in the wedge type Ethalon.

[0061] From the invention thus described, it will be obvious that the invention may be varied in many ways. Although various types of auxiliary member are described, other combination of members are considered to be within the scope of the present invention. The present invention is not restricted to the L-shaped member. Further, the light-receiving device may integrally contain two detectors or may be discrete device independently to each other. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious to one skilled in the art are intended for inclusion within the scope of the following claims. 

We claim:
 1. A light-emitting module comprising: a semiconductor light-emitting device for emitting light of a predetermined magnitude under a predetermined temperature, said device having a first facet and a second facet; an Ethalon device optically coupling to said second facet; a first optical detector outputting a first output, said first detector optically coupling to said semiconductor device without coupling to said Ethalon device; and a second optical detector outputting a second output, said second detector optically coupling to said Ethalon device.
 2. The module according to the claim 1, further comprising a lens provided between said second facet of said semiconductor device and said Ethalon device, said lens collimating said light.
 3. The module according to the claim 2, wherein said lens has a flat top surface.
 4. The module according to the claim 1, wherein said Ethalon is a wedge type Ethalon.
 5. The module according to the claim 4, wherein said Ethalon device mounts said first optical detector thereon.
 6. The module according to the claim 4, wherein said first detector mounts said Ethalon device thereon.
 7. The module according to the claim 4, further comprising a beam splitter for splitting said light into a first beam and a second beam, said beam splitter being placed between said second facet and said Ethalon device, said first detector detecting said first beam and said second detector detecting said second beam.
 8. The module according to the claim 4, further comprising a beam splitter for splitting said light into a first beam and a second beam, said splitter optically coupling to said first facet of said semiconductor device, said first detector detecting said first beam.
 9. The module according to the claim 4, further comprising a thermoelectric cooler for controlling said predetermined temperature of said semiconductor device by said second output from said second detector.
 10. The module according to the claim 4, wherein said magnitude of said semiconductor device is controlled by said first output from said first optical detector.
 11. The module according to the claim 1, wherein said first detector and said second detector are formed integrally.
 12. A light-emitting module comprising: a semiconductor light-emitting device for emitting light of a predetermined magnitude under a predetermined temperature; a first optical detector outputting a first output, said first detector optically coupling to said semiconductor device; a second optical detector outputting a second output, said second detector optically coupling to said semiconductor device; and an Ethalon device having first surface for optically coupling to said semiconductor device and a second surface for optical coupling to said first detector and to said second detector, said Ethalon device having a first portion containing a first axis connecting said semiconductor device and said first detector and a second portion containing a second axis connecting said semiconductor device and said second detector, wherein said first surface of said first portion and said second surface of said second portion have an anti-reflection coating.
 13. The module according to the claim 12, further comprising a lens provided between said semiconductor device and said Ethalon device, said lens collimating said light.
 14. The module according to the claim 12, wherein said first detector and said second detector are formed integrally.
 15. The module according to the claim 12, further comprising a thermoelectric cooler for controlling said predetermined temperature of said semiconductor device by said second output from said second detector.
 16. The module according to the claim 12, wherein said magnitude of said semiconductor device is controlled by said first output from said first optical detector.
 17. An optical signal source for Wavelength Division Multiplexing communication, comprising: a semiconductor laser for emitting light with a wavelength λ and a predetermined magnitude under a predetermined temperature; a first optical detector for outputting a first signal; a second optical detector for outputting a second signal; a wedge Ethalon device placed between the laser and the first detector and the second detector, said Ethalon having a first portion containing a first axis connecting the laser and the first detector and a second detector connecting the laser and the second detector; a lens provided between the laser and the Ethalon device for collimating said light from the laser; a Peltier cooler for adjusting the temperature of the laser; a temperature controlling circuit for receiving the second output and driving the Peltier cooler; and an optical output controlling circuit for receiving the first output from the first detector and controlling the magnitude of the laser, wherein the first portion of the Ethalon has an antireflection coating. 